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Related Concept Videos

The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
Tongue01:01

Tongue

The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
Anatomical Position in the Oral Cavity
The tongue is located within the oral cavity, also known as the mouth. It is attached to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane called the...
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
09:39

Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue

Published on: September 19, 2010

Morphological comparison between neonatal and adult human tongues.

Andrew Iskander1, Ira Sanders

  • 1Dept of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.

The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology
|October 11, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The neonatal tongue has unique anatomical features, including less fat and thinner mucosa, which aid in suckling. These differences compared to the adult tongue highlight its specialized function in newborns.

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Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application
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Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
09:39

Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue

Published on: September 19, 2010

Measuring Oral Fatty Acid Thresholds, Fat Perception, Fatty Food Liking, and Papillae Density in Humans
10:29

Measuring Oral Fatty Acid Thresholds, Fat Perception, Fatty Food Liking, and Papillae Density in Humans

Published on: June 4, 2014

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application
05:56

Objectification of Tongue Diagnosis in Traditional Medicine, Data Analysis, and Study Application

Published on: April 14, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Developmental Biology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Limited anatomical descriptions of the neonatal tongue exist.
  • Morphological differences between neonatal and adult tongues are not well-documented.
  • The functional implications of neonatal tongue anatomy for suckling are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the anatomy of the neonatal tongue.
  • To compare the neonatal tongue's morphology with that of the adult tongue.
  • To elucidate the specialized features of the neonatal tongue related to suckling.

Main Methods:

  • Serial coronal sections of a neonatal tongue were utilized.
  • A three-dimensional (3D) model of the neonatal tongue was constructed.
  • The 3D neonatal tongue model was compared to an adult tongue model.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal tongues have significantly less fat and soft tissue than adult tongues.
  • The mucosa of the neonatal tongue is thinner compared to the adult.
  • Neonatal tongues exhibit relatively enlarged extrinsic musculature and a less-developed superior longitudinal muscle, leading to a flat dorsal surface.
  • Unique attachments between extrinsic and transverse muscle groups were observed in neonatal tongues, not present in adults.

Conclusions:

  • The neonatal tongue possesses distinct anatomical characteristics.
  • These morphological features suggest a specialization of the neonatal tongue for efficient suckling.
  • The findings provide a basis for understanding neonatal feeding mechanics.