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The inflammatory response in the CNS.

V H Perry1, P B Andersson

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford.

Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology
|October 1, 1992
PubMed
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Mononuclear phagocytes, including macrophages and microglia, are key to gliosis. Central nervous system inflammation shows unique myelomonocytic cell recruitment, differing from other tissues.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Macrophages and microglia, part of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage, are increasingly recognized as major contributors to gliosis.
  • Gliosis is a complex reactive process involving glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on the kinetics of myelomonocytic cell response in the CNS following acute neuronal injury and endotoxin (LPS) injection.
  • To highlight the distinct inflammatory response within the CNS compared to other tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies examining cellular responses in the CNS.
  • Analysis of myelomonocytic cell recruitment following excitotoxin-induced neuronal degeneration.
  • Analysis of myelomonocytic cell recruitment following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection into the CNS parenchyma.

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Main Results:

  • Myelomonocytic cell recruitment to the CNS parenchyma exhibits unique kinetics.
  • Polymorphonuclear cells are largely excluded from the CNS during this inflammatory response.
  • Monocyte recruitment to the CNS is delayed, occurring several days after the initial insult.

Conclusions:

  • The inflammatory response in the CNS, particularly myelomonocytic cell kinetics, is distinct from that observed in peripheral tissues.
  • The unique nature of CNS inflammation must be considered when comparing it to acute inflammatory responses in other organs.