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Updated: Aug 30, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
Published on: January 17, 2025
Dual relationship activities: principal component analysis of counselors' attitudes
1University of Victoria, 1233 Roy Rd., Victoria, BC, Canada V8Z 2X8, Canada. tnigro@telus.net
Abstract:
The British Columbian Members of the Canadian Guidance and Counselling Association were surveyed to explore their attitudes regarding dual relationships. Of 529 deliverable surveys, 206 usable returns yielded a response rate of 39%. The survey instrument collected data regarding respondents' characteristics and ethicality ratings of 39 dual relationship activity items. An exploratory principal components analysis was performed on responses, resulting in a 4-factor equation, which accounted for 44% of the total variance. The results suggest that, although conceptual considerations of dual relationship typology do underlay the resultant factors, the relative ethicality of each item is also influential.
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