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Related Concept Videos

Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2026

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
12:31

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Published on: August 24, 2013

Multiple congenital malformation in a Holstein calf.

D H Noh1, W I Jeong, C S Lee

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea.

Journal of Comparative Pathology
|October 14, 2003
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare congenital defect in a Holstein dairy calf, featuring partial rib agenesis and multiple other skeletal and organ abnormalities. The exact cause of these developmental anomalies remains undetermined.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Congenital Abnormalities
  • Bovine Medicine

Background:

  • Congenital defects in dairy calves can lead to significant health issues and economic losses.
  • Orthopaedic abnormalities are common but complex cases require detailed pathological investigation.
  • Partial rib agenesis is an exceptionally rare finding in bovine neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document and describe a unique case of partial rib agenesis in a Holstein dairy calf.
  • To provide a comprehensive pathological description of associated congenital anomalies.
  • To highlight the importance of thorough necropsy in identifying rare developmental defects.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination of a 10-day-old calf presenting with inability to stand.
  • Gross necropsy examination to identify all pathological findings.
  • Detailed description of skeletal and organ system defects.

Main Results:

  • The calf exhibited multiple congenital defects including partial agenesis of the left rib plate.
  • Additional anomalies included a deformed left scapula, shortened left humerus, left kidney agenesis, atresia ani, and scoliosis.
  • The etiology of the observed anomalies could not be ascertained.

Conclusions:

  • This case represents the first documented instance of partial rib agenesis in a calf.
  • The complex of multiple congenital anomalies underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing severe developmental disorders in livestock.
  • Further research into the genetic or environmental factors contributing to such rare defects is warranted.