Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2026

Standardized Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Swine
05:36

Standardized Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Swine

Published on: January 30, 2020

24-hour BP in children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome

Ha Trang1, Souham Boureghda, Isabelle Denjoy

  • 1Service de Physiologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Université Paris VII, INSERM E9935, Paris, France. ha.trang@rdb.ap-hop-paris.fr

Chest
|October 14, 2003
PubMed

Insights

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) patients exhibit abnormal circadian blood pressure patterns, with lower daytime and higher nighttime pressures. This suggests autonomic dysfunction and necessitates lifelong cardiovascular monitoring for CCHS individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience

Background:

  • Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare disorder affecting the autonomic nervous system.
  • Circadian blood pressure (BP) patterns are crucial for cardiovascular health.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the specific BP patterns in CCHS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure patterns in pediatric patients with CCHS.
  • To compare circadian BP profiles between CCHS patients and healthy controls.
  • To explore potential links between abnormal BP patterns and autonomic dysfunction in CCHS.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 11 CCHS patients and 11 matched controls.
  • 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was conducted for all participants.
  • Polysomnography and noninvasive monitoring of oxygen saturation and end-tidal PCO(2) were performed.

Main Results:

  • CCHS patients displayed lower blood pressure during wakefulness and higher blood pressure during sleep compared to controls.
  • Nocturnal blood pressure dipping was significantly reduced in CCHS patients.
  • Ten out of eleven CCHS patients were classified as non-dippers, indicating an abnormal circadian BP rhythm.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified an abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern in children and adolescents with CCHS.
  • This abnormal pattern may be associated with underlying autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
  • Lifelong cardiovascular follow-up is recommended for individuals diagnosed with CCHS.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes include...
Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation01:25

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation

Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:31

Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated. Under...