[The law of medical responsibility. New stakes]

The law of March 4, 2002, concerning the rights of patients and the quality of cares, establishes an extra jurisdictional way to solve conflicts of medical responsibility. After reminding the rules of common law which apply to this type of litigation, the text explains the outline of law goals, means used and established procedures. A medico-juridical critical study highlights confusions, imperfections and unvoiced comments of the text. Corrections might be necessary. The gravity of the stakes for medicine is underlined.