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Related Concept Videos

Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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Related Experiment Video

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Fluorescent 2-pyrimidinone nucleoside in parallel-stranded DNA.

D N Kaluzhny1, S N Mikhailov, E V Efimtseva

  • 1Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RASc, Moscow, Russia.

Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids
|October 21, 2003
PubMed
Summary

A pyrimidinone-G base pair was studied for its effect on parallel-stranded DNA stability and structure. This research explores its potential as a novel structural probe for DNA.

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Separation of Single-stranded DNA, Double-stranded DNA and RNA from an Environmental Viral Community Using Hydroxyapatite Chromatography
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Parallel-stranded (ps) DNA can form within antiparallel-stranded (aps) DNA.
  • Formation of ps DNA occurs in looped structures or with sequence mismatches.
  • Understanding ps DNA stability and conformation is crucial for DNA structure research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a pyrimidinone-G (PG) base pair on ps DNA.
  • To assess the stability and conformational changes induced by the PG base pair in ps DNA.
  • To determine if the PG base pair can serve as a structural probe for ps DNA.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved synthesizing and analyzing DNA structures containing the pyrimidinone-G base pair.
  • Conformational analysis was performed using biophysical techniques.
  • Stability assays were conducted to quantify the effects of the PG base pair.

Main Results:

  • The pyrimidinone-G base pair significantly influences the stability of ps DNA.
  • Specific conformational alterations were observed in the presence of the PG base pair.
  • The PG base pair demonstrated potential as a marker for structural variations in ps DNA.

Conclusions:

  • The pyrimidinone-G base pair affects ps DNA stability and conformation.
  • The PG base pair shows promise as a useful structural probe for investigating ps DNA.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the utility of PG base pairs in DNA structural studies.