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Environmental health of children
Ardys M Dunn1, Cathie Burns, Barbara Sattler
1University of Portland School of Nursing, Portland, Ore., USA. dunn@up.edu
Insights
Pediatricians play a crucial role in protecting children from environmental toxins. This guide offers tools and strategies for assessing and managing environmental health risks in primary care settings.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Pediatric Medicine
- Toxicology
Background:
- Children possess unique developmental, biological, and behavioral traits rendering them more susceptible to environmental toxins.
- Pediatric primary health care providers are essential in identifying and managing health conditions arising from environmental hazards.
- Environmental factors significantly impact child health, necessitating specialized assessment and management strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To equip pediatric primary care providers with knowledge and tools to address environmental toxins.
- To review the vulnerability of children to environmental toxins and provide assessment and management strategies.
- To discuss specific environmental toxins implicated in childhood illnesses and outline prevention methods.
Main Methods:
- Review of children's unique vulnerabilities to environmental toxins.
- Presentation of general assessment and management strategies for environmental toxins.
- Detailed discussion of specific toxins including lead, mercury, environmental tobacco smoke, particulate matter, asbestos, radon, molds, and pesticides, covering exposure routes, symptoms, and management.
Main Results:
- Children's unique characteristics increase their susceptibility to environmental toxins.
- An assessment tool for use in pediatric primary care offices is provided.
- Specific information on common environmental toxins, their effects, and management is detailed.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric providers require specific knowledge to manage environmental health risks in children.
- Prevention of exposure is paramount in environmental health interventions for children.
- Collaboration between providers and caregivers is key to minimizing children's exposure to environmental toxins.
Abstract:
Pediatric primary health care providers are responsible for providing comprehensive care to children. This includes assessing for and identifying the effect of environmental hazards on children's health and managing conditions that may result from exposure to environmental toxins. This article begins by reviewing the unique developmental, biologic, and behavioral characteristics of children and age-specific issues that make them particularly vulnerable to toxins. It then provides the reader with general assessment and management strategies related to environmental toxins, including an assessment tool that can be used in a pediatric primary care office. The qualities of selected toxins that have been implicated in childhood illnesses are discussed. Routes of exposure, signs and symptoms of toxicity, and assessment and management approaches are presented specifically for lead, mercury, environmental tobacco smoke, particulate matter, asbestos, radon, molds, and pesticides. Because prevention is the best intervention in environmental health, the article emphasizes ways pediatric providers can work with caregivers to prevent or minimize exposure.
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