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A multidimensional model for characterizing tobacco dependence.

Karen Suchanek Hudmon1, Judith L Marks, Cynthia S Pomerleau

  • 1School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94118, USA. khudmon@itsa.ucsf.edu

Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
|October 28, 2003
PubMed
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Tobacco dependence is multidimensional, extending beyond physiological nicotine dependence. New models reveal factors like stimulation, automaticity, sedation, psychosocial motives, and morning smoking contribute to overall tobacco dependence.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Addiction Science
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • The Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) are standard tools for assessing tobacco dependence.
  • These scales primarily focus on physiological nicotine dependence and may not capture psychosocial factors.
  • Evidence suggests tobacco dependence may be a multidimensional construct.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multidimensional nature of tobacco dependence.
  • To develop and validate a more comprehensive model of tobacco dependence.
  • To explore the interplay between physiological and psychosocial factors in tobacco use.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two independent datasets (SRI International, n=443; University of Michigan, n=445).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
  • Developed and tested competing models integrating FTQ/FTND items with smoking motives.

    • Main Results:

    • A final model characterized by five first-order factors (stimulation, automaticity, sedation, psychosocial motives, morning smoking) and one higher-order factor (tobacco dependence) was identified.
    • Internal consistency for first-order factors ranged from .64 to .81 (Cronbach's alpha).
    • Interitem correlations for first-order factors ranged from .34 to .68.

    Conclusions:

    • Tobacco dependence is a multidimensional construct.
    • The proposed model provides a more nuanced understanding of tobacco dependence, incorporating both physiological and psychosocial aspects.
    • Findings support the hypothesis that tobacco dependence is not solely physiological but comprises multiple underlying dimensions.