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Mental pain: a multidimensional operationalization and definition.

Israel Orbach1, Mario Mikulincer, Pinhas Sirota

  • 1Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel. orbachi@mail.biu.ac.il

Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior
|October 30, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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This study operationalizes mental pain, identifying nine key factors. Findings suggest mental pain is linked to depression, anxiety, and coping mechanisms, offering a new framework for mental health research.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Mental pain is a complex subjective experience.
  • Existing research lacks a comprehensive operationalization of mental pain.
  • Understanding mental pain is crucial for various mental health conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To operationalize the concept of mental pain.
  • To identify the underlying factor structure of mental pain.
  • To examine the relationships between mental pain, depression, anxiety, and coping strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Content analysis of self-reports to develop items for mental pain.
  • Factor analysis to determine the structure of mental pain.
  • Correlational studies to assess relationships with depression, anxiety, and coping.

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Main Results:

  • A nine-factor scale for operationalizing mental pain was developed.
  • Factors include irreversibility, loss of control, narcissistic wounds, emotional flooding, freezing, estrangement, confusion, social distancing, and emptiness.
  • Mental pain showed significant relationships with depression, anxiety, and coping styles.

Conclusions:

  • Mental pain can be operationalized as a perception of negative self-changes with associated negative feelings.
  • The developed scale provides a framework for studying mental pain across diverse psychological states.
  • This operationalization has implications for understanding and addressing mental health challenges.