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Nutritional interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers.

G Langer1, G Schloemer, A Knerr

  • 1Institute for Health and Nursing Science, German Center for Evidence-based Nursing, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 27, Halle/Saale, Germany, 06097.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|October 30, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Nutritional supplements may help prevent pressure ulcers, but evidence is limited. More high-quality research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of enteral and parenteral nutrition for preventing and treating these ulcers.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Wound Care
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Pressure ulcers affect 10% of hospitalized patients, with older adults at highest risk.
  • Nutritional intake's role in pressure ulcer development is suggested but inconsistently reported.
  • Existing research lacks conclusive evidence on nutritional interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of enteral and parenteral nutrition.
  • To assess nutritional interventions for pressure ulcer prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified through extensive database searches.
  • Included studies focused on nutritional supplements for pressure ulcer prevention or treatment.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by multiple reviewers.

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Main Results:

  • Eight RCTs were included, but most were small and of poor methodological quality.
  • Four studies on prevention suggested nutritional supplements may reduce new pressure ulcers, though smaller studies lacked statistical power.
  • Treatment studies were heterogeneous, precluding meta-analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence is insufficient to draw firm conclusions on nutritional support for pressure ulcers.
  • Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary to establish efficacy.
  • Enteral and parenteral nutrition require more rigorous investigation.