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Skin absorption enhancers.

A C Williams1, B W Barry

  • 1Postgraduate Studies in Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, U.K.

Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Penetration enhancers can improve transdermal drug delivery by reversibly reducing skin barrier resistance. This lipid-protein-partitioning (LPP) concept explains enhancer activity via lipid, protein, or partitioning alterations.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The stratum corneum presents a significant barrier to transdermal drug delivery.
  • Maximizing drug flux requires overcoming the skin's impervious nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a general concept explaining the mechanisms of penetration enhancer activity in human skin.
  • To introduce the lipid-protein-partitioning (LPP) concept for enhancer function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on penetration enhancer action.
  • Analysis of examples illustrating enhancer mechanisms.
  • Development of a unifying hypothesis for enhancer activity.

Main Results:

  • Penetration enhancers reversibly reduce the barrier resistance of the stratum corneum.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Enhancers primarily act through three mechanisms: altering stratum corneum lipids, altering stratum corneum proteins, or increasing partitioning.
  • These mechanisms can act individually or in combination.

    • Conclusions:

    • The lipid-protein-partitioning (LPP) concept provides a framework for understanding how penetration enhancers facilitate transdermal drug delivery.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for designing effective transdermal formulations.