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Adverse pregnancy outcomes in snuff users.

Lucinda J England1, Richard J Levine, James L Mills

  • 1Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. englandl@mail.nih.gov

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|October 31, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy, specifically snuff, is linked to higher risks of preterm delivery and preeclampsia. It is not a safe alternative to smoking during pregnancy.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Pregnancy-related health outcomes are significantly influenced by maternal lifestyle choices.
  • The safety of smokeless tobacco products as alternatives to smoking during pregnancy requires thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of smokeless tobacco (snuff) consumption on key pregnancy outcomes.
  • To compare the risks associated with snuff use versus cigarette smoking and non-use during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study design was employed in Sweden between 1999-2000.
  • Data on birth weight, preterm delivery, and preeclampsia were analyzed for singleton live births.
  • A matched-pair analysis was conducted, comparing snuff users with randomly selected cigarette smokers and tobacco non-users.

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Main Results:

  • Snuff use was associated with a 39g reduction in mean birth weight compared to non-users.
  • The risk of preterm delivery was significantly increased for both snuff users (aOR 1.98) and smokers (aOR 1.57).
  • Snuff use was linked to an increased risk of preeclampsia (aOR 1.58), whereas smokers showed a reduced risk (aOR 0.63).

Conclusions:

  • Smokeless tobacco (snuff) use during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes, including increased preterm delivery and preeclampsia.
  • Snuff is not a safer alternative to cigarette smoking for pregnant individuals.
  • Public health initiatives should discourage all forms of tobacco use during pregnancy.