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Arousal and upper airway resistance (UAR)

Christian Guilleminault1, Dalva Poyares

  • 1Stanford University Sleep Disorders Clinic, 401 Quarry Road, Suite 3301 A, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. cguil@leland.stanford.edu

Sleep Medicine
|November 1, 2003
PubMed

Insights

Upper airway resistance (UAR) in children during sleep is linked to varied central nervous system activation, not always causing electroencephalogram (EEG) arousal. Changes in breathing and heart rate occur with UAR and sleep disordered breathing (SDB).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Upper airway resistance (UAR) during sleep in infants and children can be influenced by various factors.
  • Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common condition in pediatric populations.
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) arousal is a key indicator of sleep disruption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between upper airway resistance (UAR) and electroencephalogram (EEG) arousal in infants and children.
  • To analyze breathing patterns, heart rate (HR) changes, and EEG activity during sleep with abnormal UAR and SDB.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized polysomnography with nasal cannula/pressure transducer and esophageal manometry.
  • Employed pattern recognition for sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children.
  • Performed power spectrum analysis of EEG associated with SDB and identified visually scored arousals.

Main Results:

  • Observed diverse breathing patterns and heart rate (HR) variations associated with abnormal UAR during sleep.
  • Found that SDB events can resolve with or without arousals.
  • EEG power spectrum analysis revealed distinct patterns correlating with the termination of UAR and SDB, alongside variable HR modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Airway reopening and reduced UAR are linked to inconsistent central nervous system activation.
  • EEG arousals are not consistently present even when UAR and SDB resolve.
Abstract

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