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Common forms of childhood exotropia
Brian G Mohney1, Roland Keith Huffaker
1Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. mahoney@mayo.edu
Ophthalmology
|November 5, 2003
Summary
Intermittent exotropia is the most frequent type of childhood divergent strabismus. Other common forms include CNS-related exotropia, convergence insufficiency, and sensory exotropia in this Appalachian population.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric ophthalmology
- Strabismus research
Background:
- Childhood exotropia, a form of divergent strabismus, presents with varied etiologies.
- Understanding the prevalence of different exotropia subtypes is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and quantify the most common forms of childhood exotropia.
- To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of exodeviations in a specific pediatric population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective, observational case series.
- Inclusion criteria: children younger than 19 years with exotropia (>10 prism diopters) from a rural Appalachian region.
- Data collected: demographic and clinical information; diagnosis of exotropia subtype.
Main Results:
- A total of 235 children were evaluated for exotropia.
- Intermittent exotropia was the most prevalent form, diagnosed in 112 (47.7%) patients.
- Other significant forms included CNS-related exotropia (21.3%), convergence insufficiency (11.5%), and sensory exotropia (10.2%).
Conclusions:
- Intermittent exotropia is the predominant type of divergent strabismus in this pediatric cohort.
- Central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities, convergence insufficiency, and sensory exotropia represent significant proportions of childhood exotropia.
- Congenital, paralytic, and late-resolving neonatal exotropia were found to be less common.