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Related Experiment Videos

Secure and defensive high self-esteem.

Christian H Jordan1, Steven J Spencer, Mark P Zanna

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. cjordan@wlu.ca

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|November 6, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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High self-esteem (SE) can be secure or defensive. Individuals with high explicit SE but low implicit SE exhibited more defensive behaviors, suggesting underlying negative self-feelings influence defensiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Self-esteem (SE) theories propose qualitatively different forms related to defensiveness.
  • Investigating the link between implicit and explicit self-esteem and defensive behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore if individuals with high explicit SE and low implicit SE exhibit greater defensiveness.
  • To determine if the congruence between implicit and explicit SE predicts defensive behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Assessed narcissism in individuals with high explicit SE and low implicit SE.
  • Studies 2 & 3: Examined the relationship between SE congruence and defensive behaviors (in-group bias, dissonance reduction).

Main Results:

  • Participants with high explicit SE and low implicit SE displayed higher narcissism, indicating defensiveness.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Lower congruence between implicit and explicit SE in high explicit-SE individuals predicted increased defensive behavior.

    • Conclusions:

    • High self-esteem can manifest as either secure or defensive.
    • Implicit self-esteem levels moderate the defensive responses of individuals with high explicit self-esteem.