Retroperitoneal haematoma and related organ injury--management approach

Retroperitoneal haematoma following blunt or penetrating trauma may arise from injuries to bone, major vascular structures, hollow viscera or solid organs. Clinical significance varies from inconsequential to fatal. Although the guidelines for exploration are clear-cut during laparotomy for associated intra-abdominal injuries, this is not the case with isolated retroperitoneal haematoma. Lateral and pelvic haematomas may be selectively explored and central haematomas always need exploration. All penetrating wound tracts should be explored, irrespective of the site of the haematoma, to exclude vital structural injury.