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Updated: Aug 30, 2026

Fluorescence-based Monitoring of PAD4 Activity via a Pro-fluorescence Substrate Analog
Published on: November 5, 2014
Peptidylarginine deiminase type 4: identification of a rheumatoid arthritis-susceptible gene
Ryo Yamada1, Akari Suzuki, Xiotian Chang
1Laboratory for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan. ryamada@src.riken.go.jp
Abstract:
Recent studies using linkage disequilibrium and SNPs uncovered a rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-susceptible haplotype in the gene encoding peptidylarginine deiminase (PADI) type 4. This gene is one of four known PADI genes that encode enzymes to change arginine into citrulline in proteins. Post-translational modifications of proteins, including peptidyl citrullination, are related to autoimmunity, and peptidyl citrulline is a known target of one of the most RA-specific autoantibodies. Further research on PADI4, its citrullination of native peptides, subsequent breakdown of tolerance, and the role of these peptides in the development of RA, is expected to bring a better understanding of autoimmunity and arthritis, and advancements in the medical care of RA.
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