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Pairwise competition and the replicator equation.

John Morgan1, Ken Steiglitz

  • 1Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, USA.

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology
|November 11, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Spiteful behavior, defined as self-harm to harm others more, can evolve. A new evolutionary model shows spite is possible when selection considers local interactions, not just population averages.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Game theory
  • Behavioral ecology

Background:

  • Spite, defined as harming oneself to harm another more, is typically excluded by standard evolutionary models.
  • The standard replicator dynamic assumes selection based on population state, ruling out spiteful strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary possibility of spiteful behavior.
  • To propose and analyze a modified replicator dynamic that allows for the evolution of spite.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a modified replicator dynamic where selection is based on local outcomes.
  • Analyzed the conditions under which spiteful strategies can become evolutionarily stable.

Main Results:

  • The modified replicator dynamic readily allows for the evolution of spite.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Demonstrated that spite can be an evolutionarily stable strategy under specific conditions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Standard evolutionary models are insufficient to explain spite.
    • The proposed local-outcome-based dynamic provides a framework for understanding the evolution of spite in natural populations, particularly in animals.