Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

33.1K
The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
33.1K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

4.4K
In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
4.4K
Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

6.4K
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The...
6.4K
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

5.5K
The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
5.5K
Toroids01:27

Toroids

3.3K
A toroid is a closely wound donut-shaped coil constructed using a single conducting wire. In general, it is assumed that a toriod consists of multiple circular loops perpendicular to its axis.
When connected to a supply, the magnetic field generated in the toroid has field lines circular and concentric to its axis. Conventionally, the direction of this magnetic field is expressed using the right-hand rule. If the fingers of the right hand curl in the current direction, the thumb points in the...
3.3K
Joule-Thomson Effect01:21

Joule-Thomson Effect

11.6K
The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
11.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nomogram model for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in twin pregnancies: a case-control study.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth·2026
Same author

Integrating basal and reserve salivary function defines clinically anchored functional phenotypes and contextualises salivary end points in Sjögren's disease.

RMD open·2026
Same author

Epithelial senescence predicts salivary dysfunction in Sjögren disease and glandular integrity defines residual capacity.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Incidental detection of IgG4-related coronary periarteritis on coronary calcium scoring.

European heart journal·2026
Same author

Length-based adequacy thresholds for submandibular gland core needle biopsy in suspected Sjögren's disease: two-phase study.

Clinical and experimental rheumatology·2025
Same author

Efficacy and safety of using cilostazol versus aspirin in secondary stroke prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials.

Internal medicine journal·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

14.8K

Thermoelectric rotating torus for fusion.

A B Hassam1, Yi-Min Huang

  • 1Institute for Plasma Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|November 13, 2003
PubMed
Summary

A novel fusion device uses plasma rotation to create a self-confining magnetic field, eliminating the need for strong external magnets. This innovative approach promises enhanced plasma stability and pressure containment for future fusion energy.

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Fusion Energy Research
  • Magnetohydrodynamics

Background:

  • Current fusion devices rely on strong external magnetic fields for plasma confinement.
  • Achieving stable, high-pressure plasma confinement remains a significant challenge in fusion energy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze a novel fusion reactor concept utilizing plasma rotation for confinement.
  • To investigate the self-generation of confining magnetic fields through thermoelectric effects.

Main Methods:

  • Toroidal rotation of a plasma toroid to supersonic speeds.
  • Utilizing thermoelectric effects from temperature gradients to generate poloidal magnetic fields.
  • Employing rotational shear for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability.

More Related Videos

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
10:03

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

Published on: October 5, 2018

7.5K
Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
09:09

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation

Published on: February 5, 2020

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
07:17

Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

14.8K
Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel
10:03

Uncoupling Coriolis Force and Rotating Buoyancy Effects on Full-Field Heat Transfer Properties of a Rotating Channel

Published on: October 5, 2018

7.5K
Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
09:09

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation

Published on: February 5, 2020

6.9K

Main Results:

  • A self-sustaining poloidal magnetic field is generated and maintained by the thermoelectric effect.
  • Plasma confinement is achieved in a steady state without strong external electromagnets.
  • Rotational shear ensures stability against MHD kinks and interchanges.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed system offers a pathway to fusion energy with potentially unlimited field strength and plasma pressure.
  • Advantages include the elimination of complex superconducting magnets and enhanced plasma stability.
  • A large aspect ratio and weak external vertical magnetic field are necessary for optimal performance.