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A mouse model for acute otitis media.

Asa Melhus1, Allen F Ryan

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. asa.melhus@mikrobiol.mas.lu.se

APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica
|November 18, 2003
PubMed
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This study developed a mouse model for acute otitis media using Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. BALB/c mice were most susceptible, showing high infection rates and susceptibility to disseminated disease.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common childhood illness.
  • Bacterial pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are primary causes of AOM.
  • Developing reliable animal models is crucial for understanding AOM pathogenesis and testing therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and characterize a mouse model for acute otitis media.
  • To investigate the clinical and bacteriological progression of middle ear infections induced by common otitis media pathogens.
  • To evaluate the susceptibility of different mouse strains to these infections.

Main Methods:

  • Inoculation of middle ears in BALB/c, Swiss-Webster, and C57BL/6 mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

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  • Monitoring of clinical signs, otomicroscopic changes, and bacterial presence in blood and middle ear samples.
  • Assessment of Moraxella catarrhalis erythrocyte agglutination activity.

    • Main Results:

    • Variable responses observed, including AOM, otitis media with effusion, or no infection, dependent on bacterial strain, dose, and mouse strain.
    • BALB/c mice exhibited the highest susceptibility, with significant rates of middle ear infection, bacteremia, and disseminated infection.
    • Moraxella catarrhalis did not establish culture-positive middle ear infections, potentially due to lack of erythrocyte agglutination.
    • Infections resolved within approximately one week in surviving animals with no lasting pathological changes.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed mouse model is a valuable tool for studying Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae-induced otitis media.
    • Careful titration of bacterial dose and selection of appropriate mouse strain are critical for model efficacy.
    • Further research is needed to understand the role of Moraxella catarrhalis in otitis media pathogenesis using this model.