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Diarrhea among African children born to human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected mothers: clinical, microbiologic and

A T Pavia1, E G Long, R W Ryder

  • 1Enteric Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|December 1, 1992
PubMed

Insights

Children with HIV-1 infection experience more severe diarrhea, often with dehydration and fatality. Maternal AIDS and malnutrition also contribute to increased diarrhea risk in infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Global Health
  • Virology

Background:

  • Diarrhea and weight loss are common in pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, especially in developing nations.
  • Understanding the impact of HIV-1 on diarrheal disease in infants is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of diarrheal episodes in infants with perinatal HIV-1 infection.
  • To compare the severity and outcomes of diarrhea in HIV-1-infected versus uninfected children.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective longitudinal study of 559 children (10-15 months) in Kinshasa, Zaire.
  • Analysis of diarrheal episodes, clinical presentation, dehydration severity, and causative pathogens.
  • Logistic regression to identify associations between diarrhea and HIV-1 status, malnutrition, and maternal health.

Main Results:

  • HIV-1-infected children had more frequent, severe, persistent, and fatal diarrhea episodes.
  • Enteroadherence factor-positive Escherichia coli was associated with HIV-1 infection (P=0.04).
  • Diarrhea was significantly linked to child's HIV-1 status, maternal malnutrition, and maternal Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Conclusions:

  • Diarrhea in perinatally HIV-1-infected children in Zaire is more severe than in uninfected children.
  • Maternal malnutrition and advanced maternal disease are significant risk factors for severe diarrhea in these infants.
  • Findings highlight the need for integrated care addressing both child's HIV status and maternal health.

Keywords:
AfricaAfrica South Of The SaharaAge FactorsBiologyDemographic FactorsDeveloping CountriesDiarrheaDiarrhea, InfantileDiseasesEpidemiologic MethodsExaminations And DiagnosesFamily And HouseholdFamily CharacteristicsFamily RelationshipsFrench Speaking AfricaHiv InfectionsInfantLaboratory Examinations And DiagnosesMalnutritionMiddle AfricaMothersNutrition DisordersParentsPopulationPopulation CharacteristicsProspective StudiesResearch MethodologyResearch ReportRisk FactorsSigns And SymptomsStudiesViral DiseasesYouthZaire

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