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Acid Strength and Molecular Structure

Acid Strength and Molecular Structure

Binary Acids and Bases
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...

Ligand Binding Sites

Ligand Binding Sites

Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...

Molecular Structure and Acidity

Molecular Structure and Acidity

An acid can be deprotonated to form a conjugate base or an anion. If the produced anion is more stable, then the acid is stronger. On the contrary, if the anion is unstable, then the acid is weaker. Hence, to determine the acidity of the compound, the stability of its conjugate base is studied using various factors.
The size effect explains the change in atomic size on acidity. When comparing the acids formed from elements that belong to the same column in the periodic table, their atomic sizes...

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic acid derivatives are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids with a different functional group. The most common carboxylic acid derivatives are:

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...

Structure of Amines

Structure of Amines

The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are illustrated in Figure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Sedimentation Equilibrium of a Small Oligomer-forming Membrane Protein: Effect of Histidine Protonation on Pentameric Stability

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Novel microporous lanthanide silicates with tobermorite-like structure.

Artur Ferreira¹, Duarte Ananias, Luís D Carlos

¹Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|November 20, 2003

Summary

New microporous lanthanide silicates exhibit tunable photoluminescence, offering potential for advanced sensor applications. Their structure, related to tobermorites, allows for fine-tuning properties by incorporating different lanthanide ions.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Inorganic Chemistry
Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

Microporous materials are crucial for various applications, including sensing and catalysis.
Lanthanide-containing compounds often display unique photoluminescent properties.
Understanding structure-property relationships in novel silicate frameworks is essential for materials design.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and structurally characterize novel microporous lanthanide silicates.
To investigate the photoluminescence properties of these materials.
To explore the potential of these silicates in sensor applications.

Main Methods:

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) with ab initio methods for structure solution.
Chemical analysis, thermogravimetry (TG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for characterization.
Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((23)Na and (29)Si MAS NMR) and luminescence spectroscopy for property analysis.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis and structural determination of microporous lanthanide silicates (Na(1.08)K(0.5)Ln(1.14)Si(3)O(8.5).1.78H(2)O, Ln = Eu, Tb, Sm, Ce).
The determined structures are analogous to tobermorite minerals.
Materials exhibit tunable photoluminescence, influenced by lanthanide composition and structural flexibility.

Conclusions:

The synthesized lanthanide silicates possess a unique combination of microporosity and photoluminescence.
Structural flexibility allows for fine-tuning of luminescence by introducing secondary lanthanide ions.
These materials show promise for the development of novel sensor technologies.