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Related Experiment Videos

Cytokine profiles after nonionic dimeric contrast medium injection.

Ingrid Böhm1, Ulrich Speck, Hans Schild

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany. i.boehm@uni-bonn.de

Investigative Radiology
|November 25, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Cytokine release, including interleukin-2, -4, and -6, may indicate contrast media (CM) reactions. Histamine levels decreased post-injection, but increased in patients with late adverse effects.

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Mediators of contrast media (CM)-induced allergic/pseudoallergic side effects remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding these mediators is crucial for improving patient safety during radiological procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate cytokines as potential surrogate markers for allergic/pseudoallergic responses to CM.
  • To investigate the temporal changes in specific cytokines and histamine levels following CM injection in patients who tolerated it well.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), -2, -4, -5, -6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, plasma histamine, and C5a.
  • Serum samples were collected from 9 patients before, and 1, 6, and 24 hours after receiving iotrolan, a nonionic dimeric iodinated CM.

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Main Results:

  • A trend towards early increase of IL-2 (1 hour post-CM) followed by delayed increases in IL-4 and IL-6 was observed.
  • Histamine levels significantly decreased post-injection, while C5a and IL-6 showed a parallel increase at 6 hours.
  • Patients experiencing late adverse reactions exhibited a T helper 1 to T helper 2 shift with elevated histamine at 24 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Contrast media administration appears to trigger cytokine liberation, suggesting a sequential T helper type 1 (IL-2) and T helper type 2 (IL-4, -5, -6) pattern.
  • These findings propose cytokines as potential biomarkers for monitoring CM-related hypersensitivity reactions.