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Dynamic functional force measurements on an anterior bite plane during the night
Andrea Wichelhaus1, Stefan Hüffmeier, Franz-Günter Sander
1Department of Orthodontics, University of Basel, Switzerland. Andrea.Wichelhaus@unibas.ch
Summary
Anterior bite planes used during sleep generate insufficient force for tooth intrusion with removable appliances. High forces with fixed appliances necessitate caution, especially with bruxism or poor root structure.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Dental Mechanics
- Biomaterials
Background:
- Anterior bite planes are utilized in both removable and fixed orthodontic appliance treatments.
- Key considerations include the amplitude and duration of forces for active intrusion with removable appliances.
- Potential side effects on incisors, particularly with intrusion mechanics in fixed appliances, require careful evaluation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of anterior bite planes during nocturnal use.
- To measure bite forces and occlusal contact frequency during sleep.
Main Methods:
- Ten subjects participated in nocturnal sleep investigations using a telemetric system.
- A silicon force sensor was integrated into an anterior bite plane for continuous force measurement.
- Bite forces and occlusal contact frequency were recorded.
Main Results:
- Occlusal forces ranged from 3 to 80 N, with average forces between 5.5-24 N.
- The number of occlusal contacts varied significantly (39-558), with most forces between 7-9 N.
- Interindividual differences in force magnitude and bite frequency were substantial, showing an intermittent pattern.
Conclusions:
- Active tooth intrusion during sleep is unlikely with removable appliances due to limited occlusal contacts.
- The use of anterior bite planes in fixed appliance therapy should be critically assessed in patients with unfavorable root geometry or bruxism due to potentially high forces.