[Transhepatic cholangioscopy in the treatment of choledocholithiasis]

Endoscopic methods gained the leading position in the treatment of choledocholithiasis. Transhepatic cholangioscopy and contact lithotripsy is used, if standards methods (ERC) are not successful. The transhepatic approach is predominantly used for the therapy of complicated choledocholithiasis. Cholangioscopy and lithotripsy can be performed after PTC, external drainage of bile ducts and dilatation of intrahepatic channel. The success rate for transhepatic methods is 90 to 100%, the major complication rate is 5 to 7.5%.