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Related Experiment Videos

Immediate adverse reactions to immunotherapy.

D Can1, E Demir, R Tanaç

  • 1Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Izmir, Turkey. ddcan15@hotmail.com

Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology
|November 26, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Allergen immunotherapy for children with asthma and allergic rhinitis is generally safe, with uncommon immediate adverse reactions. Both aluminum- and calcium-adsorbed vaccines showed similar safety profiles.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a treatment for allergic diseases.
  • Potential adverse reactions are a concern with AIT.
  • Different allergen vaccine formulations exist, including aluminum-adsorbed and calcium-adsorbed types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate immediate local and systemic adverse reactions to AIT in children.
  • To compare the safety of aluminum-adsorbed versus calcium-adsorbed allergen vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of 108 children (38 girls, 70 boys) receiving AIT between 1997 and 2001.
  • Data collected included diagnosis (allergic rhinitis, asthma), allergen type (dust mite, grass pollen), immunotherapy stage, and vaccine type.

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  • Adverse reactions were classified as local (hyperemia, induration, itching, pain) or systemic.

    • Main Results:

    • A total of 4783 injections were analyzed.
    • The frequency of immediate systemic reactions was 0.13%.
    • Immediate local reactions ranged from 0.15% (itching) to 3% (hyperemia/induration <5cm).
    • No significant difference in reaction rates was observed between calcium- and aluminum-adsorbed vaccines.
    • Local reactions were more common during maintenance therapy than buildup, particularly in patients with allergic rhinitis or receiving grass pollen vaccines.

    Conclusions:

    • Immediate adverse reactions to allergen immunotherapy are uncommon in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis.
    • Both aluminum- and calcium-adsorbed allergen vaccines demonstrated similar rates of systemic and local reactions.
    • The findings support the safety of AIT in pediatric populations.