The maxillae: integrated and applied anatomy relevant to dentistry

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Radiology

Background:

• The maxillae, forming the upper jaw, are integral to facial structure, housing teeth, and protecting vital nerves.
• Their anatomical complexity relates to adjacent fossae and passages for neurovascular structures, critical for dental procedures.
• Pathological conditions like sinusitis, fractures, and tumors frequently impact the maxillary antrum, necessitating a thorough understanding of maxillae anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To elucidate the intricate anatomy of the maxillae and their clinical significance.
• To highlight the importance of maxillae anatomy in regional anesthesia and surgical interventions.
• To emphasize the role of anatomical knowledge in interpreting diagnostic imaging of the maxillae.

Main Methods:

• Review of anatomical literature and clinical case studies.
• Analysis of neurovascular pathways and their relation to dental anesthesia.
• Correlation of anatomical structures with common pathologies and imaging findings.

Main Results:

• Detailed description of maxillae components, facial contributions, and relations to cranial fossae.
• Identification of key nerves (infra-orbital, posterior superior alveolar, nasopalatine, greater palatine) and their anesthetic importance.
• Documentation of common pathologies affecting the maxillary antrum, including fractures and tumors, and their potential complications.

Conclusions:

• Comprehensive knowledge of maxillae anatomy is essential for effective regional anesthesia in dentistry.
• Understanding the anatomical relationships is crucial for diagnosing and managing maxillary pathologies and injuries.
• Applied anatomical knowledge is indispensable for accurate interpretation of radiographic, CT, and MRI scans of the maxillae.