An introduction to electromyography: an invited review

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Musculoskeletal Medicine
• Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

• Electromyography (EMG) is a crucial diagnostic test for numerous neuromuscular and musculoskeletal conditions.
• Physicians, particularly physiatrists and neurologists, gain familiarity with EMG during training, while others may have limited exposure.
• A foundational understanding of the anatomy, physiology, and physics underlying electrodiagnostic testing is essential for interpreting results.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of electromyography (EMG) and electrodiagnostic testing.
• To establish the necessary foundation for understanding and utilizing EMG study results.
• To encourage appropriate physician referral for electrodiagnostic studies by reviewing common indications.

Main Methods:

• Review of anatomical, physiological, and physical principles of electrodiagnostic testing.
• Discussion of various techniques employed during EMG studies.
• Examination of specific conditions diagnosed by EMG.

Main Results:

• EMG is a complex but valuable diagnostic tool for a range of neuromuscular and musculoskeletal issues.
• Understanding the underlying science and techniques enhances the interpretation of EMG results.
• Key conditions where EMG is beneficial include carpal tunnel syndrome, radiculopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and neuromuscular junction disorders.

Conclusions:

• Electromyography is an indispensable diagnostic method for neuromuscular and musculoskeletal conditions.
• A thorough grasp of EMG principles and applications improves diagnostic accuracy and patient care.
• Appropriate referral for EMG studies is encouraged for conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome and peripheral neuropathy.