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Related Experiment Videos

CcpA-dependent carbon catabolite repression in bacteria.

Jessica B Warner1, Juke S Lolkema

  • 1Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR
|December 11, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) mechanisms differ between bacteria. This review finds CcpA-dependent CCR is widespread beyond gram-positive bacteria, potentially involving nitrogen regulation systems in Proteobacteria.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Physiology

Background:

  • Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) regulates gene expression based on carbon source availability.
  • Mechanisms of CCR, particularly CcpA-dependent CCR, vary significantly between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
  • In gram-positive bacteria, CcpA-dependent CCR involves HPr kinase-mediated phosphorylation of HPr.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution of CcpA-dependent CCR across the bacterial kingdom.
  • To identify homologues of HPr kinase and HPr-like proteins.
  • To analyze the functional and evolutionary relationships of these proteins in different bacterial phyla.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of public databases for HPr kinase and HPr-like protein homologues.

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  • Phylogenetic analysis of identified protein sequences.
  • Genomic context analysis of genes encoding HPr kinase and HPr-like proteins.

    • Main Results:

    • Homologues of HPr kinase are prevalent in Firmicutes and found in Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Chlorobi.
    • Proteobacteria, particularly alpha and beta subdivisions, commonly possess HPr kinase and an associated HPr-like protein (XPr).
    • Evidence suggests a potential link between CcpA-dependent CCR and the nitrogen regulation system (Ntr) in Proteobacteria, involving XPr and NPr.

    Conclusions:

    • CcpA-dependent CCR is not exclusive to gram-positive bacteria and is distributed across diverse bacterial phyla.
    • The presence of HPr kinase and XPr in Proteobacteria suggests a conserved regulatory module.
    • A complex regulatory network integrating CCR and Ntr systems may exist in certain Proteobacteria.