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A staged management diabetes foot program versus standard care: a 1-year cost and utilization comparison in a state
Ronald L Horswell1, James A Birke, Charles A Patout
1Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 3849 North Boulevard, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA. rhorsw@lsuhsc.edu
Objective:
To determine whether staged management of foot ulcers reduces health care costs and utilization.
Design:
Nonrandomized retrospective study using data from 1998-1999 in the Louisiana public hospital system.
Setting:
Louisiana public hospital system.
Participants:
Forty-five patients with diabetes foot ulcer who received staged management foot care and 169 patients with diabetes foot ulcer who received standard foot care.
Interventions:
Staged management of foot ulcers consisting of devices to offload pressure; self-care education; and, after healing, custom-fabricated orthoses and footwear, and monitored progressive ambulation.
Main Outcome Measures:
One-year levels of the number of foot-related inpatient hospitalizations, number of amputation-related hospitalizations, total number of foot-related inpatient days, total charges for foot-related inpatient hospitalizations, all-cause outpatient visits, total charges for all-cause outpatient visits, and combined outpatient and foot-related inpatient charges.
Results:
Over the 12-month study period, the staged management group had a lower foot-related hospitalization rate than did the comparison group (.09 admissions per person vs.50 admissions per person, P=.0002); lower foot-related inpatient days (.91d per person vs 3.97d per person, P=.0289); lower foot-related inpatient charges ($1321 per person vs $5411 per person, P=.0151); fewer amputation-related hospitalizations (.04 per person vs.19 per person, P=.0351); fewer emergency department visits (.60 visits per person vs 1.22 visits per person, P=.0043); lower emergency department charges ($104 per person vs $208 per person, P=.0057); and lower total charges ($4776 per person vs $9402 per person, P=.0141). The staged management group had a higher number of outpatient visits (24.91 per person vs 8.04 per person, P<.0001) and higher outpatient charges ($2169 per person vs $1471 per person, P<.0001).
Conclusions:
A staged management diabetes foot program significantly reduced emergency department and hospital utilization and charges in a statewide public hospital system.
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