Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
Published on: January 22, 2015
Rate enhancing effect of bromide on the removal of ammonia at Ti/PbO2 anode
Nageswara Rao Neti1, Deepak Killedar, Santosh Narain Kaul
1National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur--440020, India. wwtdiv@nagpur.dot.net.in
Abstract:
Electrochemical oxidation of ammonium (NH4+) at Ti/PbO2 anode in chloride-free and chloride containing aqueous solutions was studied. The experimental results have shown that oxidation of NH4- is ensured only in the presence of chloride. The oxidation of NH4+ is found to follow pseudo first-order kinetics. Bromide in the electrolyte is found to cause substantial rate enhancing effect on the ammonium removal. The dependence of k on the current density as well as halide concentration is also discussed in this study.
Related Concept Videos
Common Ion Effect
Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...
Rate-Determining Steps
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
Weak Base Solutions
α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction
