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Quality Assurance01:19

Quality Assurance

Quality assurance is the overarching term used to describe the activities employed to ensure the proper performance of a system. These activities can be classified into three categories: quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. Typically, these activities work cyclically: quality control is performed before and during the analysis, while quality assessment occurs during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are implemented based on the findings...
Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)01:30

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a science-based, preventive system used globally to ensure food safety by identifying, evaluating, and controlling biological, chemical, and physical hazards throughout food production. Originally developed by NASA and the Pillsbury Company for astronaut food, HACCP is now a core component of the Codex Alimentarius.HACCP operates on prerequisite programs—such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), sanitation procedures, and supplier...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
10:32

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 24, 2014

Health and safety management system audit reliability pilot project.

D T Dyjack1, C F Redinger, R S Ridge

  • 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.

AIHA Journal : a Journal for the Science of Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety
|December 17, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found low reliability in occupational health and safety (OHS) management system audits. Improvements are needed for the audit instrument and process to ensure consistent findings.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
10:32

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 24, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health and Safety
  • Industrial Hygiene
  • Management Systems Auditing

Background:

  • Reliability of audit findings is crucial for effective Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) management systems.
  • Existing OHS assessment instruments require rigorous evaluation to ensure consistent application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the reliability of audit findings from an OHS management system assessment instrument.
  • To evaluate both consistency and agreement between auditors using a modified test-retest method.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted four 1-day OHS management system audits in diverse organizational settings.
  • Utilized a publicly available OHS assessment instrument with 102 auditable clauses and a 6-point scale.
  • Employed Pearson correlations and t-tests to analyze auditor consistency and agreement, alongside intraclass correlation coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Overall site score correlations were low (0.206–0.543), indicating poor consistency.
  • Significant differences in aggregate mean scores were found at two of four sites.
  • Intraclass correlation coefficients failed to meet minimum agreement requirements, highlighting reliability issues.

Conclusions:

  • The current OHS management system audit instrument and process exhibit low reliability.
  • Opportunities exist to enhance the instrument's design and the audit methodology.
  • Further research should investigate OHS and environmental management system audits in governmental and commercial sectors.