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Epidemiology of tuberculosis.

Michael F Iademarco1, Kenneth G Castro

  • 1United States Public Health Service, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. miademarco@cdc.gov

Seminars in Respiratory Infections
|December 18, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health threat, not a past disease. Despite a resurgence in the U.S. linked to HIV and drug resistance, concerted efforts have reduced TB cases since 1992.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global cause of illness and death, contrary to public perception in the United States.
  • Global estimates for 2001 indicated 8.3 million new TB cases and 1.8 million deaths, with underreporting being a major issue.
  • The U.S. experienced a TB resurgence from 1985-1992 due to factors including HIV, immigration, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the global and U.S. epidemiology of tuberculosis.
  • To outline current and future challenges in eliminating TB in the United States.
  • To inform public health strategies for TB control and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of global TB case data reported to the World Health Organization.

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  • Review of TB incidence trends in the United States from 1985 to 2002.
  • Examination of factors contributing to TB resurgence and decline.

    • Main Results:

    • Global TB cases were underreported, with estimated figures significantly higher than reported cases in 2001.
    • The U.S. saw a notable increase in TB cases, driven by specific demographic and clinical factors.
    • Following targeted interventions, TB incidence in the U.S. decreased between 1992 and 2002.

    Conclusions:

    • TB continues to be a critical public health issue requiring ongoing attention and resources.
    • Effective national action plans and resource mobilization are crucial for combating TB, including multidrug-resistant strains.
    • Achieving the goal of TB elimination in the U.S. necessitates addressing emerging challenges and sustaining control efforts.