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Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Fibroblast Derived Human Engineered Connective Tissue for Screening Applications
Published on: August 20, 2021
Fibroblasts regulate contractile force independent of MMP activity in 3D-collagen
Jonathan A Phillips1, Charles A Vacanti, Lawrence J Bonassar
1Department of Cell Biology, Center of Tissue Engineering, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA.
Abstract:
The extracellular matrix not only provides a structural scaffold for cells to inhabit but also forms a conduit by which mechanical information may be transmitted. Fibroblasts undergo a variety of changes when activated, including upregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and establishing a smooth muscle-like contractile apparatus. The relationship between MMP activity and matrix contraction has yet to be established. Here we report that inhibition of MMP activity correlates with a significant reduction in collagen gel contraction, however, force development does not change respective to MMP activity. These results suggest cellular controls of contractile forces are independent of MMP activity. Our results also raise the possibility that the material properties of the matrix dynamically change during remodeling.
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