Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature02:19

Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature

Consistent with the law of mass action, an equilibrium stressed by a change in concentration will shift to re-establish equilibrium without any change in the value of the equilibrium constant, K. When an equilibrium shifts in response to a temperature change, however, it is re-established with a different relative composition that exhibits a different value for the equilibrium constant.
To understand this phenomenon, consider the elementary reaction:
Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:15

Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics can be stated in several different ways, and all of them can be shown to imply the others. The Clausius’ statement of the second law of thermodynamics is based on the irreversibility of spontaneous heat flow. It states that heat will not flow from the colder body to the hotter body unless some other process is involved. Additionally, as per the Kelvin’s statement, it is impossible to convert the heat from a single source into work without any other effect. This...
Cold Weather Concreting01:27

Cold Weather Concreting

When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A three-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lanreotide in stage 2/3 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Kidney international·2026
Same author

ASO Author Reflections: The Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in the Management of Primary Retroperitoneal Germ Cell Tumors in Children.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Challenges in Managing Primary Retroperitoneal Germ Cell Tumors in Children: The Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Tobacco and cannabis use in the young 'Not in Employment, Education or Training' population: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Addiction (Abingdon, England)·2026
Same author

Ovarian central nervous system-type tumors: integrated neuropathological and methylation-based classification reveals site-related features.

Acta neuropathologica communications·2026
Same author

Current Practices and a Novel Operational Framework for Planning Research on Digital Health Promotion Interventions From Development to Implementation: Scoping Review.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
14:56

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics

Published on: April 6, 2019

Crohn's disease: the cold chain hypothesis.

Jean-Pierre Hugot1, Corinne Alberti, Dominique Berrebi

  • 1Laboratoire de Génétique des Maladies Inflammatoires de l'Intestin, Projet Avenir INSERM, Fondation Jean Dausset CEPH, Paris, France. jean-pierre.hugot@rdb.ap-hop-paris.fr

Lancet (London, England)
|December 20, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Refrigeration and the cold chain may increase Crohn's disease risk by promoting psychrotrophic bacteria like Yersinia and Listeria. These bacteria may trigger abnormal immune responses in genetically susceptible individuals.

More Related Videos

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
07:54

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

Assembly and Operation of a Cooling Stage to Immobilize C. elegans on Their Culture Plates
08:23

Assembly and Operation of a Cooling Stage to Immobilize C. elegans on Their Culture Plates

Published on: May 5, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
14:56

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics

Published on: April 6, 2019

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
07:54

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

Assembly and Operation of a Cooling Stage to Immobilize C. elegans on Their Culture Plates
08:23

Assembly and Operation of a Cooling Stage to Immobilize C. elegans on Their Culture Plates

Published on: May 5, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Crohn's disease involves abnormal gut immune responses to environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals.
  • Western lifestyle, diet, and hygiene are implicated as risk factors.
  • Refrigeration and cold-chain development correlate with the rise of Crohn's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cold chain hypothesis linking refrigeration to Crohn's disease.
  • To explore the role of psychrotrophic bacteria in Crohn's disease pathogenesis.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms of immune response to specific bacteria in Crohn's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological data analysis of environmental risk factors.
  • Identification and characterization of psychrotrophic bacteria (Yersinia spp., Listeria spp.) in Crohn's disease lesions.
  • Molecular analysis of host-pathogen interactions.

Main Results:

  • Findings suggest refrigeration as a potential environmental risk factor for Crohn's disease.
  • Psychrotrophic bacteria, including Yersinia and Listeria, found in Crohn's lesions.
  • Pathogenic properties of these bacteria discussed in context of Crohn's disease.

Conclusions:

  • The cold chain hypothesis provides a plausible explanation for the increasing incidence of Crohn's disease.
  • An impaired host immune response to bacterial components, such as Yop molecules, may lead to excessive inflammation.
  • Further research into host-pathogen interactions is warranted to understand Crohn's disease etiology.