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Absorption enhancers in pulmonary protein delivery
Alamdar Hussain1, John J Arnold, Mansoor A Khan
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
Summary
Pulmonary drug delivery using absorption enhancers improves systemic availability of proteins and macromolecules. This review summarizes agents, mechanisms, and toxicity for enhanced lung drug absorption.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Systemic administration of therapeutic proteins and macromolecules faces challenges with traditional injection methods.
- Pulmonary administration offers a noninvasive route with a large absorption surface area.
- Poor epithelial absorption limits the bioavailability of drugs delivered via the lungs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in pulmonary protein delivery using absorption enhancers.
- To summarize agents that increase drug bioavailability from the lungs.
- To discuss mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and toxicity of absorption enhancers.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on pulmonary drug delivery and absorption enhancers.
- Analysis of various classes of absorption enhancers, including protease inhibitors, surfactants, lipids, and polymers.
- Evaluation of data on the efficacy and safety of these enhancers.
Main Results:
- Numerous absorption enhancers have been investigated to improve systemic availability of proteins and macromolecules from the lungs.
- Different enhancers employ various mechanisms to overcome epithelial barriers.
- Effectiveness and potential toxicity vary among different enhancer agents.
Conclusions:
- Absorption enhancers are crucial for successful pulmonary delivery of proteins and macromolecules.
- Careful selection of enhancers is needed to balance efficacy and safety.
- Further research is ongoing to optimize pulmonary drug delivery systems.