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Updated: Aug 29, 2026
Functional Assessment of Mouse Gingival Epithelial Barrier Using Fluorescent Tracers
Published on: February 27, 2026
Vigabatrin-induced modification of Ki-67 expression in gingival epithelium: immunohistochemical study of a short
F Mesa1, M Aguilar, M A Gonzalez-Moles
1Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Spain.
Objective:
To study the expression and role in vigabatrin (VGB)-induced gingival enlargement of Ki-67 antigen and p27KIP1, p21WAF1, and p53, proteins that activate or inhibit cell-cycle progression.
Materials And Methods:
Six patients treated with VGB for partial epileptic seizures refractory to classic anticonvulsant treatment were studied. Gingival biopsies were taken from four of these patients for immunohistochemical studies; 10 control biopsies from individuals with healthy gingiva and 10 from patients with periodontal disease were also evaluated.
Results:
Four of the six patients presented some degree of gingival enlargement (mild or moderate). Nuclear expression of Ki-67 was elevated (mean of 894 positive cells/mm2 in VGB-induced gingival enlargement vs. 391 cells/mm2 in controls with healthy gingiva and 425 cells/mm2 in controls with periodontal disease) (p < 0.01, analysis of variance: anova), and nuclear expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors p27KIP1 and p21WAF1 was reduced. The patients with gingival enlargement presented inflammatory infiltrate in lamina propria, mainly composed of T lymphocytes (CD3+) and plasma cells (CD38+), which was even more intense than in the biopsies of patients with periodontal disease.
Conclusion:
The overexpression of antigen Ki-67 and slight underexpression of cdk-inhibitors p27KIP1 and p21WAF1 suggest that VGB induced an increase in cell proliferation and contributed, together with concomitant periodontal disease, to the gingival enlargement.
