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Locally invasive aspergillosis of the bowel

W F Marterre1, A T Mong, A R Pulito

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536-0084.

Insights

Locally invasive aspergillosis in children is rare but serious, often occurring in leukemia patients. Aggressive surgical resection and antifungal therapy are crucial for managing this severe bowel complication.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Locally invasive aspergillosis (LIA) is a rare but life-threatening fungal infection.
  • It primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, including those with hematologic malignancies.
  • Risk factors include immunosuppression, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and corticosteroid use.

Observation:

  • A 9-year-old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) presented with symptoms of small bowel obstruction.
  • Diagnostic evaluation revealed invasive aspergillosis affecting the bowel and peritoneal cavity.
  • The patient required extensive surgical intervention.

Findings:

  • Multiple aggressive resections of the involved bowel segments were necessary for treatment.
  • The patient received parenteral nutrition and intravenous antifungal agents, including Amphotericin B and 5-Fluorocytosine.
  • Hematologic remission of acute lymphocytic leukemia was identified as a prerequisite for successful cure.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the critical need for prompt diagnosis and aggressive management of invasive aspergillosis in pediatric leukemia patients.
  • Multidisciplinary care involving surgery, infectious diseases, and oncology is essential.
  • Early recognition and treatment can improve outcomes for this rare but devastating complication.

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