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Disturbed appetite patterns and nutrient intake in peritoneal dialysis patients
Mark Wright1, Graham Woodrow, Siobahn O'Brien
1Renal Unit, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom. Mark.wright@leedsth.nhs.uk
Summary
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients exhibit altered appetite profiles, with reduced hunger peaks and less daily variation, leading to lower nutrient intake. Patient-reported appetite may be misleading in clinical practice.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Clinical Nutrition
- Physiology
Background:
- Malnutrition is prevalent in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, often linked to reduced nutrient intake.
- Disturbed appetite is a suspected contributor to decreased food consumption in PD patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define the appetite profiles of PD patients using a novel assessment technique.
- To compare appetite profiles between PD patients and healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- A prospective, cross-sectional study comparing 39 PD patients and 42 healthy controls.
- Utilized visual analog ratings at hourly intervals to generate daily hunger and fullness profiles.
- Assessed food intake via 3-day dietary records.
Main Results:
- PD patients showed blunted pre-meal hunger peaks and flatter fullness profiles compared to controls.
- PD patients had reduced diurnal variability in hunger and less pronounced fullness changes around mealtimes.
- Despite similar mean scores, PD patients reported significantly lower nutrient intake.
Conclusions:
- PD patients may normalize appetite perception at a lower nutrient intake level, making self-reported appetite potentially misleading.
- The loss of daily appetite variation in PD patients could contribute to reduced food intake.
- The novel technique can evaluate interventions targeting abnormal appetite profiles in PD.