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Immunotherapy: rationale and mechanisms.

B R Gordon

    Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
    |December 1, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Allergen immunotherapy involves controlled allergen exposure to reduce allergic responses. This treatment, available since 1910, requires careful patient selection and diagnostic testing for lasting benefits.

    Area of Science:

    • Allergy and Immunology
    • Clinical Therapeutics

    Background:

    • Immunotherapy, established in 1910, aims to mitigate allergic reactions.
    • Its precise mechanisms, potentially involving IgG, IgE, and T-lymphocyte modulation, remain under investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the indications, contraindications, and diagnostic approaches for allergen immunotherapy.
    • To describe the treatment protocol and expected outcomes of immunotherapy.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizes in vivo (skin tests) and in vitro (RAST, ELISA) diagnostic methods for allergy assessment.
    • Involves initiating treatment with gradually increasing allergen doses after test interpretation.

    Main Results:

    • Therapeutic effects are typically observed within 3 to 6 months.

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  • Sustained benefits are generally achieved after 3 to 5 years of continuous immunotherapy.

    • Conclusions:

    • Immunotherapy is indicated for patients with confirmed allergies and significant symptoms.
    • Careful patient selection, appropriate diagnostic testing, and prolonged treatment duration are crucial for successful outcomes.