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Related Experiment Videos

Autoimmunity, complement activation, tissue injury and reciprocal effects.

George C Tsokos1, Sherry D Fleming

  • 1Department of Cellular Injury, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Md., USA. gtsokos@usa.net

Current Directions in Autoimmunity
|January 15, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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The complement system normally prevents autoimmunity, but its overactivation causes tissue damage. Natural antibodies and autoantibodies can trigger complement, worsening injury in autoimmune and ischemia/reperfusion conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Complement System Biology

Background:

  • The complement system regulates autoimmunity by controlling lymphocyte selection.
  • Deficiencies in complement regulators can lead to autoimmune-like tissue injury.
  • Complement activation is implicated in various forms of tissue damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the dual role of the complement system in autoimmunity and tissue injury.
  • To investigate the contribution of natural and autoantibodies to complement-mediated pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on complement system function in autoimmunity.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which complement activation causes tissue damage.
  • Examination of the role of antibodies in complement-dependent pathology.

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Main Results:

  • Complement proteins act as a threshold against systemic autoimmunity.
  • Complement activation during autoimmunity contributes to tissue injury via cell lysis, altered cell function, and immune complex formation.
  • Deficient complement regulation results in tissue injury mimicking autoimmune diseases.
  • Natural antibodies and autoantibodies exacerbate tissue damage following insults like ischemia/reperfusion by activating complement.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system plays a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance.
  • Aberrant complement activation, particularly by antibodies, is a significant driver of pathology in autoimmune diseases and following tissue injury.