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Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy
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[Recurrent miscarriage].

Nadia Berkane1, Lieve Verstraete, Serge Uzan

  • 1Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, Hôpital Tenon, 75970 Paris. nadia.berkane@tnn.ap-hop-paris.fr

La Revue Du Praticien
|January 16, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Recurrent pregnancy loss affects 1% of pregnancies, encompassing first-trimester miscarriage and later fetal death. Causes remain unidentified in over half of cases, with diverse origins including genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects approximately 1% of all pregnancies.
  • RPL includes spontaneous first-trimester miscarriage and second/third-trimester in utero fetal death.
  • Cases of repetitive fetal loss with a viable fetus are also classified as RPL.

Purpose:

  • To review the known causes of recurrent pregnancy loss.
  • To highlight the etiological factors contributing to first-trimester miscarriage and later fetal demise.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic challenges, as explanations are found in less than 50% of patients.

Summary:

  • First-trimester RPL causes include chromosomal, hormonal, immunological, uterine, and environmental factors.
  • In utero fetal death causes involve renovascular syndromes, hormonal/immunological pathologies, hereditary thrombophilias, allo-immunisation, and chromosomal anomalies.

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  • Second-trimester miscarriage is often linked to cervical incompetence, uterine malformations, or infections.

    • Impact:

    • Improved understanding of RPL etiology can guide diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
    • Identifying underlying causes may improve outcomes for future pregnancies.
    • Highlights the need for further research into unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.