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Risk factors for gall bladder cancer in Karachi
Talat J H Rizvi1, Sarwar J Zuberi
1PMRC Specialized Research Centre on Child Health (SRCCH), Karachi.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
|January 20, 2004
Summary
Gallbladder cancer is common in Pakistan, with gallstones and poor diet being major risk factors. This study identified dietary habits and food storage as key contributors to gallbladder cancer development.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Gallbladder cancer incidence in Karachi (8%) and Pakistan (6-7%) is significantly higher than in Western countries.
- This high prevalence necessitates identifying specific risk factors within the local population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the risk factors associated with gallbladder cancer in Karachi, Pakistan.
- To compare demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors between gallbladder cancer patients and controls.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 107 gallbladder cancer patients and age/sex-matched controls.
- Data collected included demographics, lifestyle, dietary habits, and food intake, with statistical analysis using odds ratios.
- Controls were screened sonographically for cholelithiasis.
Main Results:
- A strong association was found between gallbladder cancer and gallstones (98% of cases had cholelithiasis).
- Significant risk factors included high parity, early age at first delivery, low fiber and Vitamin A intake, high fat intake, prolonged fasting, and consumption of repeatedly boiled or improperly stored fats.
- Odds ratios indicated significant risk for prolonged fasting (OR: 6.8) and poor fat quality (OR: 2.6).
Conclusions:
- Gallstones, dietary malpractices, and imbalanced diets are primary risk factors for gallbladder cancer.
- Poorly stored or processed foods may promote cancer development in individuals with gallstones.