The stratum corneum: structure and function in health and disease

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Skin Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• The stratum corneum (SC) provides a critical barrier against water loss.
• Recent advancements have highlighted the SC's complex biosensor capabilities.
• Understanding SC structure and function is key to treating skin disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the progress in understanding the stratum corneum (SC) over the last 30 years.
• To emphasize the SC's role as a biosensor responding to environmental factors and trauma.
• To explore the implications of this knowledge for developing new topical therapies.

Main Methods:

• Review of ultrastructural, biochemical, and molecular studies of the SC.
• Analysis of the "bricks and mortar" model of SC.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on SC formation, structure, composition, and maturation.

Main Results:

• Significant progress has been made in understanding SC formation, structure, composition, and maturation.
• The SC functions as a dynamic biosensor, actively responding to environmental challenges and surface trauma.
• Detailed dissection of the SC model provides insights into dry, scaly skin disorders.

Conclusions:

• The SC's intricate nature and biosensor functions are increasingly recognized.
• Knowledge of SC biology offers promise for developing more effective topical treatments.
• Understanding SC repair mechanisms is crucial for managing conditions like xerosis and psoriasis.