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Updated: Aug 29, 2026

Real-time Monitoring of Reactions Performed Using Continuous-flow Processing: The Preparation of 3-Acetylcoumarin as an Example
Published on: November 18, 2015
Quantitative high-resolution on-line NMR spectroscopy in reaction and process monitoring
Michael Maiwald1, Holger H Fischer, Young-Kyu Kim
1Institut für Technische Thermodynamik und Thermische Verfahrenstechnik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany. maiwald@itt.uni-stuttgart.de
Abstract:
On-line nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (on-line NMR) is a powerful technique for reaction and process monitoring. Different set-ups for direct coupling of reaction and separation equipment with on-line NMR spectroscopy are described. NMR spectroscopy can be used to obtain both qualitative and quantitative information from complex reacting multicomponent mixtures for equilibrium or reaction kinetic studies. Commercial NMR probes can be used at pressures up to 35 MPa and temperatures up to 400 K. Applications are presented for studies of equilibria and kinetics of complex formaldehyde-containing mixtures as well as homogeneously and heterogeneously catalyzed esterification kinetics. Direct coupling of a thin-film evaporator is described as an example for the benefits of on-line NMR spectroscopy in process monitoring.
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