[Clinical studies on apexification with demineralized dentin matrix]

Area of Science:

• Endodontics
• Biomaterials Science
• Regenerative Dentistry

Background:

• Apexification is a crucial endodontic procedure for immature teeth with necrotic pulps.
• Current apexification agents, such as calcium hydroxide, require prolonged treatment times.
• The need for novel, effective apexification materials remains high in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the clinical efficacy of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) as an apexification agent.
• To compare the outcomes of DDM apexification with those of calcium hydroxide.
• To determine the optimal timing for transitioning to permanent root canal filling after apexification.

Main Methods:

• Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) was prepared from human tooth fragments.
• DDM was used as an apexification agent in 57 human teeth, with calcium hydroxide as a control.
• Radiographic and clinical assessments were performed at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years post-treatment.

Main Results:

• Radiographic evidence of a calcific barrier formation was observed one year after treatment.
• The healing rate in the DDM group was 92.86% after two years, slightly higher than the 91.30% in the calcium hydroxide group.
• No statistically significant difference was found between the DDM and calcium hydroxide groups in terms of healing rates.

Conclusions:

• Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM) demonstrates potential as a new apexification agent.
• The one-year mark post-apexification represents the ideal time to replace the temporary agent with permanent root canal filling material.
• DDM offers a viable alternative for apexification, contributing to successful root development and closure.