Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators
Published on: December 27, 2013
[First use of botulinum toxin type B in ENT patients with secondary therapy failure of botulinum toxin type A]
1Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, Universität zu Köln. orlando.guntinas@uni-koeln.de
Abstract:
The first botulinum toxin type B (BT-B) formulation, NeuroBloc, has been licensed in Germany for the treatment of cervical dystonia since March 2001. This allows the treatment of patients with secondary failure of botulinum type A (BT-A) injections for the first time. Three patients with such a secondary failure were successfully treated with BT-B. A total of 1,000 mouse units (MU) NeuroBloc per eye were injected in a patient with blepharospasm. The treatment was effective for 4 months. In a patient with spasmodic dysphonia, 250 MU were injected into each vocal cord. This was effective for 3.5 months. The third patient suffered from bilateral Frey's syndrome. A total of 7,500 MU were used on the right side and 6,000 MU on the left side to stop the gustatory sweating for 9 months. Overall, BT-B showed similar intervals of effectiveness as BT-A. Side effects were not seen using the above dosage regimes.
Related Concept Videos
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions
At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses
Botulism

