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Magnesium and experimental vasospasm.

R Loch Macdonald1, Daniel J Curry, Yasuo Aihara

  • 1Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. rlmacdon@uchicago.edu

Journal of Neurosurgery
|January 28, 2004
PubMed
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Magnesium sulfate did not significantly reduce cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the tested doses. Further research is needed to explore magnesium

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neuropharmacology
  • Cerebrovascular Research

Background:

  • Magnesium (Mg++) is being investigated for its neuroprotective and antivasospastic properties.
  • Elevated Mg++ levels may enhance cerebral blood flow (CBF) and decrease cerebral artery contraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if continuous intravenous magnesium sulfate infusion reduces cerebral vasospasm following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Main Methods:

  • A dose-finding study in five monkeys determined effective MgSO4 doses for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) elevation.
  • A randomized, controlled, blinded study in ten monkeys with SAH administered a selected MgSO4 dose.
  • Angiography assessed cerebral artery diameters before and after treatment.

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Main Results:

  • Magnesium sulfate significantly increased serum and CSF Mg++ levels.
  • No significant reduction in middle cerebral artery vasospasm was observed in the MgSO4-treated group compared to placebo (46% vs. 35%).
  • Angiography showed no effect of MgSO4 on normal cerebral arteries.

Conclusions:

  • Magnesium sulfate, at the doses tested, did not significantly reduce cerebral vasospasm post-SAH.
  • Future SAH research should focus on magnesium's potential for neuroprotection or augmenting CBF via small vessel dilation.