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Neuroimaging in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD)
Deborah K Sokol1, Mary Edwards-Brown
1Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Barnhill Drive, R1 1757, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. dksokol@iupui.edu
Summary
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves social and communication impairments. Despite neuroimaging showing brain abnormalities, no reliable diagnostic marker for ASD has been found, so routine brain scans are not advised.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
- Characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication.
- Neuroimaging studies indicate structural brain differences in individuals with ASD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review neuroimaging findings in autism spectrum disorder.
- To assess the potential of neuroimaging as a diagnostic tool for ASD.
- To evaluate the current recommendations for neuroimaging in ASD.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing neuroimaging research on ASD.
- Analysis of studies examining brain volume and developmental trajectories.
- Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of identified neuroimaging markers.
Main Results:
- Neuroimaging reveals abnormalities in frontal lobes, limbic systems, and cerebellum in ASD.
- Increased brain volume (gray and white matter) is observed, particularly in younger individuals.
- No reliable neuroimaging biomarker for ASD has been established despite extensive research.
Conclusions:
- Current neuroimaging findings in ASD are not sufficiently specific or sensitive for routine diagnostic use.
- Abnormal brain growth trajectories are noted in ASD, varying with age.
- Routine neuroimaging is not recommended for the diagnosis or management of autism spectrum disorder.